History of
IEEE-USA: The First Ten Years — 1973 to 1983
Table of Contents
In its first full year of operation, the United
States Activities Committee, predecessor organization of the United States Activities
Board, had "achieved a measure of success not anticipated," according to its
first chairman, Harold S. Goldberg, in a report on USAC development in November 1973.
Programs were underway to improve employment
practices, with special emphasis on ethical matters, patent agreements, and the
development of guidelines to professional employment. Improvements in manpower planning
efforts were sought through detailed study, assessment and reporting. Accurate employment
data were being gathered through surveys of members' education, experience, salaries, and
fringe benefits. Cooperative efforts with industry and universities were made to enhance
career development, including the improvement of professional opportunities for women
engineers. Government relations were established through monitoring legislation of concern
to the profession, providing technical expertise to policy-makers, and establishing
Congressional Fellowships. Data were being gathered from IEEE Societies to improve
technology forecasting and explore the social implications of technology. In short, an
array of activities were in progress aimed at improving the professional standing of
members, and at establishing an IEEE presence on the Washington scene.
In effect, the foundation was built for many
professional efforts that continue to the present day, with successive levels of
achievement built one on top of another.
"Concern with increased effectiveness in
meeting member needs has pervaded discussions among the officers and other members of the
Board of Directors throughout the year," according to a 1971 report by James H.
Mulligan, then serving as IEEE President. Although a proposed constitutional amendment
failed that year to win the two-thirds majority required for passage, "the
substantial interest on the part of members in the economic issues affecting the
profession has been recognized by the Institute leadership for some time," Dr.
Mulligan stated. Concern for the engineering employment outlook and the future growth of
the electrical and electronics industries at the time triggered an action by the Board at
its August 1971 meeting. It authorized the inclusion in the 1972 budget of a Regional
Member Service Experiment Fund and the initiation of career development activities within
the Educational Activities Board. The Board of Directors also requested proposals from the
Regional Directors for pilot projects to be conducted on a regional basis that would be
directed to improved satisfaction of member needs. The projects would be coordinated by an
ad hoc professional activities committee. The Regional Directors responded, and a number
of members assistance projects were carried out regionally.
Further, at its November 1971 meeting, the Board
requested the Directors of Region 1 through 6 to act as a group in recommending to the
Board actions that would meet member needs in "professionalism." The Board also
approved in principle the assessment of Regional dues to finance programs and requested
detailed proposals for implementation. Moreover, the Board authorized the establishment of
an institute office in Washington, D.C.
The Washington Office was established to
facilitate the exchange of information between IEEE members and the Congress and Executive
agencies of government. "It should be possible," Dr. Mulligan stated in his
report, "to provide a systematic process by which policy-makers are adequately
informed of the technical resources of the Institute, and to assure that IEEE members are
adequately informed of the myriad actions of the U.S. government that may affect the
electrical engineering profession."
Initially, the Washington Office was headed by
Ralph L. Clark, an IEEE Fellow whose career for the most part had been in government
service in the Washington area.
Although the Board was greatly concerned and took
those actions possible within the scope of the IEEE Constitution as written in 1971, it
had recommended against passage of the specific constitutional amendment that had failed
earlier that year. The 1971 petition had proposed that the primary purpose of the
Institute become "to promote the economic well-being of the membership." It
would have put the scientific and educational purpose secondary, and it would also have
limited voting and leadership offices to members in the United States. These changes
passed by only a narrow margin within the United States and failed by a wide margin
outside of the United States.
Among its efforts to help members, the Board had
asked William O. Fleckenstein to chair an ad hoc committee to assess economic conditions
of the electrical, electronics, and related industries in the United States. The
committee's study and report, released in 1971, produced "valuable information on the
demand for engineers, government spending, and industry growth," according to Dr.
Mulligan. It predicted that the greatest growth would be in high-technology industries.
In addition, the Technical Activities Board was
asked to recommend specific action programs on socio-technological issues. A TAB committee
had prepared as a basis a report entitled, "Applications of Electrotechnology to
Social Problems." Meanwhile, IEEE Vice President Harold Chestnut obtained Federal
funding for an IEEE project to forecast technology. In a further report describing TAB's
efforts on technology forecasting and assessment, Edward A. Wolff, then TAB vice chairman,
wrote: "The IEEE, because of its diversity, has a tendency to drift along on the
technological sea without always having a clear idea of where it has been, where it is
going, what it will find on the distance shores, what course it should steer, and how best
to use its limited resources. At the same time, a large portion of society is becoming
disenchanted with science and technology. IEEE and its members cannot ignore this
challenge."
While the Board recognized the need for further
information from members, particularly on the priority to be given to non-technical
programs, President Mulligan concluded his report by emphasizing the intense interest and
desire on the part of the Board to institute those new activities and to make changes in
the present operations of IEEE that respond appropriately to the challenge of our
times."
Throughout IEEE's history, voices had been raised
to urge that the programs of the Institute be broadened to enhance the standing of its
members over and above the acknowledged reputation conferred by its technical activities.
However, "with the onset in the late 1960s of heavy unemployment among members,
primarily those in the United States, attention was focused on the need for IEEE to assume
an expanded role," according to a special report in the June 1972 issue of SPECTRUM
by Donald G. Fink, then IEEE's Executive Director.
While the new "professional" activities
were viewed as significant and useful, they were limited by the authorities then granted
by IEEEs Constitution to an "insubstantial fraction of the Institute efforts and
resources." The report, entitled "Blueprint for Change," pointed out that
the Constitution must be amended, in order to proceed with "substantial steps."
During a special meeting, called in March 1972,
the Board of Directors had proposed such an amendment, in order to include among the
Institute's purposes one termed:
. . .professional, directed toward the advancement
of the members of the professions it serves; means to this end include, but are not
limited to, the conduct and publication of surveys and reports on matters of professional
concern to the members of such professions, collaboration with public bodies and with
other societies for the benefit of the engineering professions as a whole, and the
establishment of standards of qualification and ethical conduct. The IEEE shall not engage
in collective bargaining on such matters as salaries, wages, benefits, and working
conditions, customarily dealt with by labor unions. The IEEE shall strive to enhance the
quality of life for all people throughout the world through the construction application
of technology in its fields of competence. It shall endeavor to promote understanding of
the influence of such technology on the public welfare.
The proposed change was based in part on the
result of a survey of all members in the United States, where members voted two to one in
favor of becoming more active in political and economic matters of concern to the
profession. The survey was an attempt by the Board to find a more definitive consensus by
examining the issues in detail. A closer analysis of the voting on the earlier failed
amendments which were different from those being proposed and recommended for passage by
the Board in 1972 seemed to indicate member support for professional activities in the
United States. The questionnaire had been limited geographically because action on the
major issues at stake would be limited in other countries by their respective laws and
customs.
An overwhelming 86.8 percent of voters favored the
new amendments. In a special report in SPECTRUM, in December 1972, John M. Kinn told
members that "new dimensions" would be added to an already important function of
IEEE. Mr. Kinn, then Director of Educational Services, would later become Staff Director
of Professional Services and relocated to the newly established Washington Office.
"IEEE is now able to advocate certain kinds of legislation", he said, "and
enter into more direct phases of employment action, including referral and placement
services, if needed; develop a more effective public relations program; establish
procedures with respect to equitable employment practices and remuneration; and seek means
by which our members can make social and political contributions to the well-being of
society. All of these endeavors can and will be done by the Institute without compromising
its ability to maintain and enhance its reputation for technical excellence."
In his final report to the membership as 1972
President, Robert H. Tanner assured members that "the Institute will continue to give
as much attention as ever to the program on which its world renown so securely rests the
generation, collection, and dissemination of technical material. . .but the greater
flexibility that our amended Constitution provides will enable IEEE to serve all its
members better than ever before."
In a 1972 SPECTRUM editorial, Donald Christiansen
commented on his observation of dual concerns within the "new professionalism,"
both for employment issues and for national policy. "One would be justified in
concluding," he remarked, "that the altruistic and selfish motives of engineers
are neither unrelated nor are they invariably at odds with one another. The intrinsic
reward gained through contributing to the improvement of our environment aside, there's no
reason to suspect that positive' applications of technology would lead to renewed respect
for engineers, and to more jobs, higher pay, and better fringe benefits."
Even while 1973, USAC's first full year, saw a
number of key programs firmly established, some operational difficulties were noted in Mr.
Goldberg's report. By 1974, USAC "concentrated its efforts in two salient areas:
organizational structure of the USAC, and professional programs of benefit to the
membership," according to a report by Dr. Leo Young, then serving as its chairman.
How best to deliver the new services within the Institute framework, and how best to
organize and implement programs within USAC toward achievement of professional goals, were
underlying questions. Organizational initiatives begun in 1973 continued into 1974, with
resultant changes effected in 1976.
During this period, professional programs were
organized within divisions, similar to the Council divisions that exist today. In
addition, administrative committees were set up. A finance committee developed cost
evaluation procedures for all USAC-funded activities. The program planning committee
developed proposal evaluation procedures to optimize short-and long-range objectives. A
bylaws committee recommended changes to the Board of Directors to facilitate professional
operations.
Professional projects proceeded apace. Under
manpower planning, a series of publications on career outlooks, career profiles, and
long-range forecasting of supply and demand began to be released. In employment practices,
a revised IEEE Code of Ethics was approved and widely promoted. An analysis and
recommendations were made concerning an ethics case involving the dismissal of three
engineers who had adhered to the IEEE Code by warning their employer of design faults that
could prove hazardous to public safety.
IEEE's Salary Survey was updated and sold to
nearly 300 industrial companies as an aid in engineering personnel administration. Two
Congressional Fellowships were awarded in 1974 and one in 1975. A reception for Members of
Congress was sponsored by IEEE, and publications about Congress and legislation of
interest to the profession were made available to IEEE members. Intersociety cooperation
on pension issues and cooperation of industry leaders were vigorously pursued, as was work
with Congress toward passage of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, which
authorized the establishment of Individual Retirement Accounts for workers not covered by
employer-sponsored pension plans. Local self-help projects were under way to help the
unemployed.
An IEEE professional newsletter was published.
Press conferences were sponsored in cooperation with the IEEE Public Relations Department,
and greater media coverage of IEEE conferences was sought. Experimental programs were in
effect to help state government with environmental problems and city government to utilize
new technologies in resolving the operational problems associated with large urban
centers. Efforts at technology forecasting continued.
Responding to the energy crises, an energy
committee was formed of representatives of each IEEE Society that continues today to
develop position papers and testify on energy issues. The participation of the United
States in international standards development was supported by USAC in cooperation with
the standard committee. Professional activities committees were being formed in the
Sections and Regions. Meetings were being held on professional topics, and a handbook for
coordination of these activities was published.
"These programs have attracted the attention
of many observers in other engineering disciplines and in industry," noted Donald G.
Fink in a 1974 report describing the underlying historical and policy considerations of
IEEE's professional programs. The report entitled "IEEE's Professional Programs in
the United States," also noted that these programs were carried forward by USAC,
composed of nine members of the IEEE Board of Directors, a secretary and a treasurer, and
thirty subsidiary committees and legal counsel. "The emergence of the energy crisis
with rising demand for reliable and authoritative technical testimony to guide legislative
actions at national and state levels, is evidence that IEEE's decision to involve itself
in matters of socio-technical concern was indeed timely," he observed.
"The IEEE Washington Office has become
recognized, with other similar offices of the major scientific and engineering societies
in the Capital, as a major private-sector resource of the Federal government." Mr.
Fink reported activities at that time included not only liaison with the Congress, but
work with the National Science Foundation, Atomic Energy Commission, Federal
Communications Commission, Federal Power Commission, and the Office of Technology
Assessment.
"It is apparent that IEEE," he wrote,
"in the professional area, has a double obligation to maintain close contact with
government and legislatures: to gain acceptance of the valid claims of the engineering
professions to the economic and societal support of the government on the one hand, and on
the other to supply needed expertise and sound judgement on matters of public policy and
decision-making in areas dependent on technology for their resolution."
In conclusion, Mr. Fink commented that a
comparison of the projects described in his report with the plans projected in 1972 showed
that "a majority of the programs then envisaged have in fact taken root, and a
substantial record of accomplishment is being posed. . . it thus appears that the belief
expressed by the Board of Directors in 1972 that IEEE has the resources and talent
required to proceed confidently along the new road' has been amply confirmed."
Beginning in 1975, USAC was established as a
separate board of the Institute and renamed the Institute and renamed the United States
Activities Board, with Harold S. Goldberg as its first Chairman and Vice President of
Professional Activities. The Directors of Region 1 through 6, those in the United States,
and three Division Directors were delegated to serve on USAB. The change put USAB on the
same footing as the other major boards having responsibility for Technical Activities,
Publications, Educational Activities, and Regional Activities. Other changes in structure,
in the organization of programs, in more efficient delivery of services, and improved
communications were made almost as changing times, differing emphases, and new
accomplishments brought about changes in goals. A major USAB-initiated position on the
seven professional needs of members was approved by the Board of Directors in 1975 and
became the basis for the development of a wide ranging USAB program aimed at achieving
professional goals.
The new Board's first "Program Plan,"
outlining USAB's program organization by basic goals, was submitted to the Board of
Directors for approval as an outline of USAB activities during 1976. The plan listed
specific tasks to be accomplished under five goals: financial and economic benefits for
members, career conditions and opportunities, professional status, government relations
and interfaces, and the communication of USAB aims, activities, and accomplishments. Each
task was described, along with its objectives, strategies for attaining objectives, and
results expected in the current year.
The Program was prepared by James H. Mulligan, the
1971 IEEE President, who had been elected to serve as Chairman of USAB and Vice President
of Professional Activities in 1976.
Just as USAC activities had been funded by an
additional dues assessment of members residing in the United States, USAB activities were
also to be supported through assessment of members in Regions 1 through 6. Beginning in
January 1976, in connection with a general dues increase, the Board of Directors increased
the regional assessment supporting USAB from an initial $5 to $10 per year. In imposing
this increase, the Board of Directors determined that a substantial expansion of USAB
programs would be undertaken. The Program Plan was USAB's response to the Board.
USAB also published its first annual report in a
SPECTRUM article entitled "How USAB Helped Members in 1976." Achievements that
year included a number within IEEE, "in the extent to which USAB was able to
transform itself into a mature operating body with a program plan, a staff, and a budget
in place, . . . focused upon an ongoing program to carry out its constitutional charge . .
." according to the report.
The first national workshop on professional
activities was sponsored by USAB in 1976. Local chairmen were invited to exchange
information on current projects, recommended priorities for next year, hear updates on
USAB projects and explore the local leaders' role in them, including local implementation,
and expand the knowledge of others to act as resources for local, regional, and national
projects.
At the time, employment assistance was still among
the important priorities, having started as an intersociety effort in 1970-71. USAB
information packets containing guidelines for job-hunting and resume-writing were mailed
to hundreds of members. Regional surveys were conducted and provided supporting data for
funding requests. Support was provided on a local basis to conduct job-hunter workshops
and referral services.
New USAB-initiated policies were approved by the
Board of Directors to authorize IEEE action in ethics cases, age discrimination matters,
and patent issues. IEEE did, in fact, act that year in a New York State age discrimination
case involving an IEEE member, in which a legal principle was established.
Toward improving career development, meetings were
sponsored with industry managers to exchange ideas and seek ways of matching corporate and
individual goals. A career assessment study was conducted to generate illustrative
statistical profiles. A manpower report on the factors influencing career paths was
released.
Through its Washington Office, IEEE's
participation in national affairs grew. It was a year of convincing public policy-makers
of the nature and true extent of problems, clarifying major issues, and devising ways to
tackle them directly. USAB's successful support of the science and technology policy
legislation, under which the Office of Science and Technology Policy was established in
1976, became an example of how IEEE could achieve meaningful results. Engineers and
scientists became recognized as a national resource. As an election year, 1976 also
provided the opportunity for testimony before both the Democratic and Republican National
Platform Committees to urge greater utilization of engineers and scientists in the
formulation of national policy. Two Congressional Fellows were selected to serve in
Congress that year.
A series of legislative proposals was developed
and aimed at building on the pension reforms embodied in the 1974 legislation that IEEE
supported toward passage. Extension of Individual Retirement Accounts to professionals
covered by employer pension plans was a principal thrust. Only one improvement in
investment limits resulted that year, but a precedent was set.
Decreasing salaries and benefit losses of members
working under government service contracts, which had resulted from periodic rebidding of
contracts, was attacked on several fronts. Legislation was introduced to amend the Service
Contract Act, and testimony was given before Congressional committees. Changes in
government procurement regulations were sought, along with Department of Labor protection
of pension and other benefits. Delays were won in the bidding process, giving more time to
organize legislative efforts. However, despite extensive efforts continuing through 1977,
a solution, in the form of a new legislation, was not to come about until 1978, during the
USAB chairmanship of Bruno O. Weinschel.
Annual reports of succeeding years reveal
determined efforts to become visible on the Washington scene, to expand relationships with
both the Executive and Legislative branches of government, and to put IEEE in a position
to influence public policy.
John J. Guarrera, the 1974 IEEE President who had
been elected to serve as USAB Chairman and Vice President of Professional Activities in
1977, organized the first IEEE conference on technology policy, sponsored jointly by USAB
and TAB. Evidence of IEEE's growing concerns in Washington, the conference drew 150
leaders to a two-day discussion of how the Institute could have more influence on the
development of technology policy, and it attracted a number of Cabinet and Congressional
leaders to address IEEE.
Armed with largely positive responses to such
questions on the U.S. Member Opinion Survey taken in 1977, USAB and TAB representatives
also explored how IEEE positions could best be developed and promulgated, and how best to
call up IEEE experts quickly to respond to Congressional requests for information.
On developing IEEE activities to influence public
policy, Dr. Guarrera remarked, "Pronouncement of a position doesn't alter
anything." At the Technology Policy Conference, IEEE participants were told that they
"must come to Washington and see the Congressmen, to be influential."
Providing technical advice to state governments
through an intersociety legislative committee was already an operating program in a number
of states. During the previous year, several western states developed such committees, and
USAB began sponsoring expansion of the program to all state governments.
The Opinion Survey also gave USAB leaders a
positive response to the question of establishing a Political Action Fund. The first
proposal to establish a PAC was made to the Board of Directors in 1977.
Aggressive lobbying to amend the Service Contract
Act continued through the year toward passage of an IEEE-drafted bill. Meetings with the
Department of Labor and the Office of Federal Procurement Policy continued on this issue.
USAB also used its influence with the appropriate government agencies to urge quick
settlement of a dispute involving contract services at the Eastern Test Range, which
resulted in saving hundreds of engineering jobs.
Despite extensive involvement with the service
contract issue, USAB was not prevented from monitoring or promoting a number of other
legislative proposals. An IEEE-drafted patent bill, which would protect the rights of
individual, employed inventors, was also developed for introduction in the next session. A
written statement of IEEE's concerns for R&D funding was provided to the Congressional
committees considering extension of the Renegotiation Act, relating to Federal
contracting. Progress was also made toward developing data files needed to monitor bills
and committees more effectively, and to match IEEE membership by Congressional Districts
and technical interests. The Congressional Fellows program continued with the selection of
one fellow to serve in Congress during the year.
Another major thrust in 1977 was in resolving the
issues concerning a recently modified IEEE policy on registration. Its specific meaning
relative to implementation had created some confusion, both within and outside the
Institute. A number of meetings were held, including one with industry leaders, and
several publications describing the implications of universal registration, licensure,
certification, and the industry exemption, were released. A USAB task force and an ad hoc
committee of the Board of Directors were set up to review title and practice laws and to
consider means of assuring effective standards and examination for licensing, as well as
evaluating the impact of licensing.
Work on procedures to implement the IEEE Code of
Ethics continued. In addition, a USAB committee reviewing existing member benefit programs
and examining new ones was made a committee of the Board of Directors.
A national conference on "Discrimination or
Utilization The Engineer at Mid-Career", was co-sponsored by the USAB Task Force on
Age Discrimination and the National Science Foundation. Public attention was focused on
the "myths and realities" of aging, shortcomings of existing legislation,
policies of other countries, and means of overcoming and preventing age discrimination.
A second edition of the Guidelines to Professional
Employment for Engineers and Scientists was approved by IEEE and 31 additional
professional engineering societies participating on an intersociety committee. The
recommendation for review and updating of the first edition, approved in 1973, was made by
IEEE in 1976.
Two national and four regional professional
activities workshops for local leaders and USAB members were held in 1977. More than 150
Sections had by then appointed chairmen to organize and implement professional programs.
An updated professional activities guide was published. More than 60 speaking engagements
at IEEE meetings were kept by USAB leaders. "Washington Focus," as a means of
carrying additional professional news in The INSTITUTE, was initiated, as the first issue
of USAB's own newsletter for leaders in professional activities, IMPACT, rolled off the
press. USAB, in fact, initiated the actions taken to establish The INSTITUTE as a separate
tabloid publication, no longer bound within the pages of SPECTRUM, and provided funding
over a period of years to support the newspaper.
USAB also initiated the re-establishment of a
fully funded Public Relations Department within IEEE and provided funds toward its
development.
By 1978, USAB's communications on particular
pieces of legislation had become well established through "Legislative Alerts"
urging constituent action. On the pension issue alone, even though Alerts were limited to
constituents of key Congressional committee members, nearly 100,000 were mailed over the
more recent years of effort from 1978 on toward passage of the Economic Recovery Act of
1981, which extended IRAs to all employees.
There is no doubt that constituent pressure sought
by USAB at crucial points in the legislative process, played a key role. An IEEE-drafted
bill to allow mobile professionals to set up a form of individual retirement account was
introduced in the House in 1978 Congressional co-sponsors were steadily gained, as well as
support from a number of business and employee groups, in addition to the technical
societies represented on the Engineers and Scientists Joint Committee on Pensions. The
pension issue gained attention in the media, and USAB's Task Force debated Senate leaders
on a nationally televised program aimed at creating greater public awareness of pension
plans.
USAB efforts on another issue were also making
headway. A major breakthrough in resolving problems of service contract engineers came on
March 29, 1978, when the Office of Federal Procurement Policy issued its Policy Letter No.
78.2, entitled, "Preventing Wage Busting' for Professionals: Procedures for
Evaluating Contractor Proposals for Service Contracts." The Letter declared the
policy of the Federal government that "all service employees, including professional
employees...be fairly and properly compensated." The letter also warned that
"instances of lowered compensation may be considered a lack of sound management
judgement," in addition to indicating a "lack of understanding" of
requirements.
When obstacles were mounting toward stiff passage
of legislation to remedy the problem, and Congressional actions changed IEEE's original
intent, an administrative solution provided immediate, though less perfect relief than
legislation, for engineers caught up in this issue. In an open letter to members published
in The INSTITUTE in September 1978 , USAB Chairman Bruno O. Weinschel stated that
"IEEE intends to watch closely the agencies' enforcement" of the new policy. He
urged members to help in this effort "by passing along information concerning
solicitations and awards calling for professional services.
1978 was also a year of broadening USAB's
involvement in technology-oriented public policy issues. Additional testimony,
Congressional visits, and legislative monitoring were undertaken on bills affecting the
long-term technological vitality of the United States, in addition to broadened activity
with regulatory agencies on such issues. Joint sponsorship with TAB of existing and new
committees was begun, stepping up IEEE involvement in energy, telecommunications, and
research and development policy. A second conference on U.S. technology policy was jointly
sponsored by USAB and TAB, on "Directions of U.S. R&D Policy." In addition
to a wide range of distinguished speakers from both Congress and industry, the conference
featured a series of workshops on energy, radiation, telecommunications, patents, and
health care. Two Congressional Fellows were also selected to serve in 1978.
Workshops for local leaders in professional
activities were sponsored by USAB throughout the year, and for the first time in USAB's
history, they included representatives from the technical Societies and Divisions,
comparable to the leadership structure in the Sections and Regions.
Another major USAB thrust culminated in the
passage of procedures for enforcement of the IEEE Code of Ethics by the IEEE Board of
Directors. At its February 1978 meeting, the Board approved a policy statement and bylaws
establishing procedures not only for discipline of a member for unprofessional conduct,
but also for support of a member placed in jeopardy with an employer for complying with
principles of ethical conduct. This action by the Board placed IEEE in the forefront of
organizations endorsing and encouraging adherence to professional standards of ethical
conduct.
Since that time, IEEE has been regarded as a
resource by many organizations developing and implementing ethics codes and procedures.
IEEE later took a leading role in the development of a uniform code of ethics for member
societies of the American Association of Engineering Societies.
Work continued on a number of other professional
projects, including career development through a joint EAB-USAB committee. With funding
secured from the National Science Foundation in 1977, a survey of engineering college
deans and EE department heads was carried out by IEEE in 1978 to determine the school's
interest in professional topics as part of the engineering curriculum. Strong interest in
ethics, professional identification, and political and economic factors was revealed,
along with an interest in cooperating with IEEE to develop course materials.
A guide for members on age discrimination,
including laws and regulations, major cases, and recommended actions, was published. New
ground was also covered in patent rights, as the issue of Federal policy on inventors'
rights under government-funded research projects came into focus. USAB supported efforts
to return rights to contractors for development, and the task of seeking sponsorship of
its bill on individual inventors' rights continued.
1979 became the most active year USAB had
experienced up until that time in the legislative arena, with more than 30 oral or written
statements presented to House and Senate committees. IEEE's voice was clearly heard on
pension issues, energy policy, research and development, and technological innovation, as
well as a proposal to establish a National Engineering Foundation. A third conference on
U.S. Technology Policy was held in Washington, attracting more than 160 IEEE leaders. A
dozen representatives of Congress and the Executive branch discussed how technological
innovation could best be stimulated by public policy in general and by IEEE actions in
particular. During the conference, IEEE participants paid 97
visits to Congressional offices to express IEEE concerns. Remarking on the conference,
Bruno O. Weinschel, re-elected to serve a second term as USAB Chairman, asserted IEEE's
long-term, continuous obligation to involve itself in public policy. "We must see
that technology improves the quality of our national life," he said. "What is
good for the nation is going to be good for the U.S. members of IEEE . . . unless members
get involved, the politicians are going to determine our future." One of the issues contributing to the surge of
activity in 1979 was energy, with an active committee developing positions, presenting
testimony, sponsoring expert seminars, participation in technical seminars on resource
development, and responding to Congressional inquiries in the wake of the Three Mile
Island nuclear accident. USAB developed plans for a conference to take place in January
1980 with the Nuclear Regulatory Commission to examine "lessons learned" and
recommend applications of advanced electrotechnology to nuclear power safety. A milestone was reached in pension activity with
the introduction in the Senate of a companion bill to IEEE's bill that was reintroduced in
the House in 1979. Campaign efforts toward passage were stepped up through meetings with
many Congressional leaders, as well as Treasury Department and Internal Revenue Service
officials, to overcome opposition. The search for an investment firm to provide IEEE
members with a group IRA, which had started several years before in anticipation of
passage of the legislation, continued. In the course of the search, more than 50 companies
had been approached. Publicity was also given to the first ethics case
to be brought before the IEEE Member Conduct Committee, created the year before with the
approval of the implementation procedures resulting from the work of USAB's ethics task
force. The Member Conduct Committee concluded that the IEEE member bringing the case had
acted responsibly in adhering to the Code of Ethics and had been dismissed from employment
for refusing to jeopardize the public safety. Efforts to communicate with industry on ethical
matters, service contract problems, and other issues were also made through a number of
meetings and publications in 1979. A newsletter for industry executives was begun and
continued through the following year. The first of a series of professional conferences
took place to establish a dialogue on IEEE activities and how they may affect industry,
and where IEEE and industry may find common ground on particular issues. The first
conference dealt with the work climate, its importance to engineers and their industries,
and how it can be assessed and improved. Another professional "first" for IEEE
came in the form of a request from the National Council of Engineering Examiners for
assistance in the preparation of questions for the professional practice portion of the
examination for the professional engineer license. IEEE's Board of Directors delegated the
assignment to USAB, which in turn named a committee of representatives of USAB, EAB and
TAB to plan how the project might be undertaken. USAB also collaborated with the American
Association for the Advancement of Science and other technical societies in analyzing the
Federal R&D budget and the key legislative issues likely to arise. This effort has
today become an annual exercise that provided the cooperating societies with directions on
the Congressional committees and Executive agencies to monitor closely. The Congressional
Fellows program continued with the selection of two fellows to serve on the Hill during
the year. USAB's awards program for professional
achievements made its formal debut in 1979. In the belief that professional activities had
become of equal importance to the Institute as its technical activities, a means of
providing peer recognition for such achievements was initiated. In addition, as a means of
honoring those outside the engineering profession, for example, Members of Congress, an
award for advocacy of IEEE professional purposes in the public arena became a part of the
awards program. A workshop for local leaders in professional
activities examined local and regional projects. Communication with the network of
professional activities leaders increased as IMPACT began to appear as a regular
bi-monthly and expanded its format and circulation. USAB's Legislative Report was
initiated to keep the leadership advised of current bills and their progress, as well as
issues on the horizon.
The fourth salary and fringe benefit survey
publication since 1972 was released, and USAB began to realize ever increasing returns on
its investments in this project, which continue to the present. As 1979 drew to a close, USAB prepared to move its
offices again. From small beginnings on Eye Street, USAB had earlier established its base
of operations on K Street, in a building owned by NSPE, which had also housed the
Washington offices of ASME and EIC. With the growth in support of USAB programs and the
development of IEEE's Washington presence, a new building on L Street was chosen for the
new IEEE Washington Office. A mural depicting twelve leaders in the development of
electrical and electronics engineering, commemorating discovery, invention and technical
excellence in the development of the field, was painted in the reception area of the new
offices. It had become the responsibility of Leo C.
Fanning, who succeeded to the position of Staff Director of Professional Activities at
this time, to direct not only the move but the reorganization of staff in its new quarters
to handle the expansion of programs and elaboration of efforts associated with USAB's
growth. Mr. Fanning had joined the USAB staff in 1976 and had previously worked toward the
successful development of the pension program and ethics procedures, among other issues. In its new location at the start of a new decade,
"effectiveness, balance, and influence" became USAB's bywords when Richard J.
Gowen was elected Vice President for Professional Activities and Chairman of USAB.
Effectiveness in managing programs, balance between projects concerned with professional
standing and those related to technology policy, and greater influence in government
affairs became additional goals well served in 1980 and beyond, as a number of structural
additions to assure their implementation continue to the present. A finance committee was established to plan
budgets and to project funding and programs required long-range to achieve USAB goals. A
government affairs committee, meeting via a weekly telephone conference call, was set up
as a means of providing immediate response when fast action is required on the Washington
scene. The committee reviews USAB's government affairs activities, determines priorities,
and decides whether proposed actions are in line with established IEEE policy on the
issues at hand. This weekly review enabled quick action to be taken on such issues as
support of R&D tax incentives in 1980, and the nomination and eventual confirmation of
an IEEE Fellow as Director of the National Science Foundation. New materials and services were developed for
local professional activities leaders, and successful efforts were made to strengthen
existing local committees or create an active committee in every Section and Society. A
Source Book on developing such committees, including activities and projects to be
undertaken and background information on professional issues, was published. Major
publications included a number on pensions, age discrimination, patents, service
contracts, and ethics. One of the largest and most productive workshops
for local leaders was held in 1980, focused on a threefold program of service, awareness
and action. Goals for local leaders became providing service to members needing assistance
in professional matters, increasing the awareness of members and the public on issues
confronting the profession and the nation, and taking action at the local, state and
national levels to help solve problems. Aided by funding from USAB, a variety of local
projects was carried out, including one to relocate engineers from Detroit who were
affected by mass lay-offs in the automotive industry. In addition, two Congressional
Fellows served in Congress during the year. The January 1980 IEEE Conference with the Nuclear
Regulatory Commission was a major accomplishment. More than 350 engineers and managers
from industrial companies, utilities, and government agencies met to examine how
electronics technology could improve nuclear power plant safety. A number of
recommendations were subsequently adopted, and IEEE was encouraged to maintain its
involvement with the nuclear industry and NRC as a credible third-party able to bring in
outside expertise. As a result, IEEE joined with NRC and the American Nuclear Society the
following year in organizing a project to develop a methodology for probabilistic risk
assessment of nuclear power plants. As a Presidential election year, 1980 again
presented the opportunity for IEEE testimony before both the Democratic and Republican
National Committees. Members testified on energy, innovation and productivity and
pensions. The platform committees of both national parties later adopted as planks many of
the recommendations contained in IEEE's testimony. When U.S. IEEE members responded to USAB's 1980
Opinion Survey, they gave top priority to helping solve U.S. energy problems and promoting
U.S. leadership in electronics technology. An active Energy Committee continued to testify
before Congress and hammer out position papers on controversial issues for approval by the
Board of Directors. In addition, research was conducted and plans were made for a public
presentation on energy issues in the following year. Pensions remained the leading
non-technical concern and a number of activities were in progress toward achieving IEEE
goals. A USAB-initiated position calling for "immediate vesting as a long-range goal,
and mandatory vesting at five years as an intermediate step," was approved by the
Board of Directors. A fourth conference on U.S. technology policy was
jointly sponsored by USAB and TAB and featured a number of industry and government
leaders. As another of USAB's more visible public affairs activities, the conference had
become of acknowledged value in facilitating dialogue between IEEE and the Federal
government. One of its indirect results was the creation of a formal Institute procedure
for developing position papers. USAB projects had thus begun to evolve in ways that
benefit the Institute as a whole. This phenomenon had also been illustrated by events in
the development of ethical conduct matters, IEEE-industry conferences, member benefits and
services, publications, and public relations. 1980 was also a year of transition for the
technology policy conference. It was to become a biennial event, rather than annual, and
it was to focus on identifying actions that IEEE would like the Federal government ,
academic institutions, and industry to take to promote technological growth and better
utilization of human resources. In addition, a series of smaller meetings would be held on
natural and human resources, economic incentive, technological opportunitities, regulatory
constraints, and the interaction between government and the private sector. One outcome
would be to develop an IEEE position on U.S. technology policy. In his testimony before the Democratic National
Platform Committee, Dr. Gowen had advised of IEEE's statement urging adoption of a
national technology policy. He called for "special attention to the revitalization of
our productive capacity and to the professional community that translates the work of
scientists into the products we use and on which we depend for our quality of life." Awareness of the need for a national technology
policy was fostered in other testimony before Congress during 1980. A bill calling for the
establishment of a National Technology Foundation was introduced, which incorporated
several USAB recommendations. As an interim measure, reorganization of the National
Science Foundation into a National Science and Engineering Foundation was also proposed,
and the appointment of a national commission to survey U.S. technology policy needs and
the status of the engineering profession was also recommended. In 1980, IEEE became a member of the newly formed
American Association of Engineering Societies, opening new avenues for cooperation in
influencing government decision-making.
In 1981, U.S. members achieved one of their major
professional goals: widespread pension reform. The extension of individual retirement
accounts to all workers, whether or not vested in employer-sponsored plans, was a major
reform built upon earlier legislative efforts. Richard J. Gowen, elected to serve a second
term as Vice President for Professional Activities and Chairman of USAB, called the new
tax law "a major victory for the engineering profession." After eight years of
effort, an IEEE group IRA also became a reality.
With tax-deferred investment accounts for
individuals in place, USAB's Pension Task Force began to work toward decreasing vesting
times required by conventional corporate retirement plans, and opposing any reduction of
corporate pension benefits tied to Social Security increases.
1981 also saw the introduction of an IEEE-drafted
patent bill that would give employed inventors rights to their own inventions unrelated to
an employer's data, time, or materials. While little forward momentum was observed in
Congress, USAB continued to monitor patent issues closely and promote its interests at
propitious times. The Task Force believes that many aspects of the patent system in the
United States require modification, and IEEE is undoubtedly in the forefront of
organizations fostering change.
Manpower issues specifically, a number of
radically varying projections of engineering manpower supply and demand came to the fore
in 1981. Attempting to reconcile differences in statistics, USAB convened a two-day
workshop, inviting representatives of the American Association of Engineering Societies,
trade associations, the Department of Defense, and the National Science Foundation, as
well as IEEE leaders and the trade press. Subsequently, background papers were developed
by USAB, noting substantial differences in manpower surveys and suggesting that an overall
balance between supply and demand exists, with some shortages in certain disciplines only.
On a related issue, USAB urged its professional activities network to monitor and advise
of any abuses of the Department of Labor certification procedures for alien engineers, so
that appropriate authorities might take corrective action.
USAB's Career Maintenance and Development Task
Force sponsored a successful national conference on careers, attracting more than 125
participants. Engineering managers, personnel managers, and practicing engineers heard
more than 30 papers presented on ways in which engineering careers can be enriched for the
benefit of engineers and their companies.
Continuing its dialogue with the Office of Science
and Technology Policy, a delegation of IEEE-USAB leaders visited the new Presidential
Science Advisor on two occasions to discuss such key concerns as Federal support of
R&D, industrial innovation, national productivity, and engineering education.
Three Congressional Fellows were selected to serve
in 1981. Achieving this long-standing goal was in part made possible with the
establishment of a Congressional Fellows Fund to help support the program. Since 1981,
corporations and IEEE societies have contributed to IEEE's goal of providing additional
Fellows to serve in Congress.
More than 400 participants, both in and outside
the nuclear industry, attended the second conference hosted by IEEE for the Nuclear
Regulatory Commission. Experts who employ probabilistic risk assessment techniques
produced a revised review guide for evaluating the safety of nuclear power plants.
The Energy Committee completed its slide
presentation for the public. Entitled, "Energy in Perspective," the show
received wide circulation among technical and non-technical professional societies,
corporations, schools, and community action groups. Nearly 400 sets of slides and cassette
recordings of the script are in circulation and continue to be well received by various
groups today. An updating of the data contained in the presentation is in progress.
Prior to Senate hearings on the Department of
Energy's photovoltaics program, the Energy Committee sponsored a technical briefing on
photovoltaics for Congressional staff members. Because of the valuable information
provided, IEEE has been asked to continue to provide such briefings on other topics as
hearings are scheduled. Energy Committee members also testified before Congress and
continued to develop position papers on key issues.
An active R&D Committee testified on the
budgets of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Department of Energy,
Department of Defense, and the National Science Foundation, and participated in an
intersociety analysis of R&D in the Federal budget. In addition, the Committee
sponsored a successful, well-attended briefing on Federal R&D funding.
A reorganization of USAB activities under four
major councils--Member Activities, Government Activities, Career Activities and Technology
Activities--was completed in 1981. In an attempt to make the USAB more responsive to
members as a Board, a Nominations and Appointments Committee was designated to select
candidates to head each council, as well as candidates to become Controller and National
Chairman of the Professional Activities Committee for Engineers. USAB's network of local
leadership, activities, and support.
By 1982, it was clear that the council structure
facilitated action by task forces and improved interaction between USAB and IEEE members
in providing for member needs and delivery of services. USAB, in addition, had clearly
become the focal point for all IEEE activities in Washington.
In 1982, Edward J. Doyle was elected to serve as
Vice President for Professional Activities and Chairman of USAB and re-elected to serve a
second term in 1983.
Early in 1982, the fifth conference on U.S.
Technology Policy, "Charting the National Course," was jointly sponsored with
TAB in conjunction with other activities of National Engineers' Week, including a series
of major IEEE Board meetings. The Board of Directors and the other major Boards of the
Institute met for the first time in Washington since USAB's founding Key government and
IEEE leaders addressed four aspects of national technology policy: energy, resources for
innovation, information systems, and public understanding of technology. Concluding the
week-long series of meetings, 1982 IEEE President Robert E. Larson delivered an address to
congressional staff in the U.S. Capitol, entitled, "Developing a More Coherent U.S.
Technology Policy Through Consensus-Building."
Late in the year, another major event took place
on Capitol Hill when USAB sponsored a reception site for Members of Congress, their
staffs, and media interested in viewing EAB's short course on robotics, which was
broadcast nationwide via satellite. An introduction to the subject of robotics and its
policy implications was offered by members of USAB, who had also arranged for a robot
demonstration. Together with the course, a successful briefing was provided to Congress
and the media.
As a result to the media coverage, IEEE members
were invited to appear on a nationally broadcast television program that featured
computers as educational tools, including such advanced technologies as robotics. The
program aired early in 1983.
Another special technical briefing was conducted
during the year by the Committee on Communications Policy for the staff of
the House subcommittee considering revisions in the Communications Act of 1934. The 1981
IEEE President Richard W. Damon, testified on the rewrite of the Act, one of three parties
invited to appear before the House subcommittee. CCP also encouraged and is supporting a
Standards Board ad hoc committee effort to propose methodology by which network standards
can be set through a restructured telephone industry.
The R&D Committee sponsored a briefing on
Federal R&D funding and participated in an intersociety analysis. Congressional
testimony was also presented on the R&D projects and funding levels of several
agencies.
Following a meeting with the Office of Science and
Technology Policy, the Energy Committee agreed to evaluate the effects on various energy
technologies of Administration proposals to reorganize the Department of Energy. In
addition, the Committee issued Legislative Alerts urging members to endorse the Nuclear
Waste Policy Act, which was signed into law with many of the provisions supported by USAB
intact.
Two Congressional Fellows served in Congress
during 1982. For the first time, USAB sponsored a student intern, an electrical
engineering senior who researched public policy implications of cellular radio and mobile
telephones. USAB also participated in a number of student professional awareness
conferences held at student branch locations throughout the United States. Patents and
ethics proved to be popular issues with students, and ties between student branches and
local professional activities leaders were strengthened, as well as those between USAB and
the student magazine.
Local professional activities committees took on a
new name and a new acronym. At a professional activities workshop in 1982, participants
voted to add the "for Engineers" to their previous designation as Professional
Activities Committees. PACE, rather than PAC, became the acronym, in order to avoid
confusion with political action committees that provide funds to candidates for public
office. The distinction became more crucial with time, as USAB gave consideration to
forming a political action fund to allow the U.S. IEEE members to make voluntary
contributions to political candidates.
Positions were developed and submitted and
testimony was presented on a number of issues during the year. Hearings were held on the
IEEE-drafted patent bill to set standards for permissible employee pre-invention
assignment agreements. USAB also expressed opposition to increasing patent and trademark
fees. Opposition was also taken to proposed changes in the certification procedures for
alien engineers, and to a General Accounting Office report recommending repeal of the
Service Contract Act.
USAB's Task Force on Age Discrimination produced a
slide presentation for use at local IEEE meetings, and published information of use to
members who believe they have been discriminated against. USAB's Pension Task Force began
developing a major document on evaluating employer-sponsored pension plans, including an
analysis of retirement plans of the top ten employers of IEEE members.
For the first time, USAB's Salary Survey Task
Force updated portions of a previous year's survey, providing a "salary update"
for members during 1982. Plans were made for an opinion survey to be taken of U.S. members
during 1983, and the results of a survey of women members, taken late in 1982, were
scheduled to be compiled in 1983.
Also for the first time, USAB published its own
guide to assist members seeking employment. As a service to unemployed members,
complimentary copies were made available to them through the Washington Office. Following
its December 1982 publication, most copies of the guide were sold to members and
non-members alike, necessitating a second printing early in 1983. A new edition of the
publication is also in progress.
For the second time in USAB's short history, three
Congressional Fellows were selected to serve in 1983, bringing the total to 21 who have
served over the past decade of USAC/USAB's existence.
In step with Federal budget deliberations in
Congress, the R&D Committee again testified in a round of hearings on the budgets of
NASA, NSF, DOD, and the budgets for various energy research programs. A briefing on
R&D in the Federal budget was also sponsored by the R&D Committee for IEEE
members.
As IEEE celebrates the tenth anniversary of its
Washington activity, a productive year is in progress, with testimonies being presented on
a number of issues and positions being developed. Plans are being made for major meetings
later in the year, including a workshop for local professional activities leaders, and
third conference on engineering careers. Plans are also being made for another conference
on U.S. technology policy, the sixth, to take place early in 1984, in conjunction with the
series of IEEE Board meetings.
The work continues and progress is made toward the
achievement of goals. In the words of the current USAB Chairman, Edward J. Doyle, IEEE is
taking care of member needs and helping to provide the technical information needs of the
Nation through "taking positions: that's what it's all about in USAB in Washington.
It seems like we do it every day. The opportunities are there. But, more and more, as IEEE
gets established, we are asked to take position...."
Having looked back on USAB's past, a record of
achievement for IEEE in fulfilling its twofold professional purpose is obvious. Layer upon
layer of activity and accomplishment stand out clearly as a monument to IEEE's success in
advancing the professional standing of its members and improving the quality of life for
all people through its influence on the constructive application of technology and its
concern for increasing public understanding of technology.
The history of the next ten years will be written
by IEEE volunteers supported through their Washington office, just as the history of the
past ten years has been written. If the record of the next ten years shines as brightly as
the record of accomplishment of the past ten years, USAB may indeed look forward to a
bright future.
1973 UNITED STATES ACTIVITIES COMMITTEE
Harold S. Goldberg, Chairman
Seymour Cambias, Jr.
W. E. Cory
Grover F. Daussman
Anthony J. Hornfeck
Robert W. House
Einar E. Ingerbretsen
A. A. Reed
Leland D. Whitelock
Leo Young
"One of the things that USAC/USAB has given
us is the knowledge that with a little bit of strength and a little bit of direction we
really can move mountains, we really can influence the politics of this country, and we
really can be an influence on the world."
Harold S. Goldberg
1974 UNITED STATES ACTIVITIES COMMITTEE
Leo Young, Chairman
Richard C. Beloit, Jr.
Anthony J. Hornfeck
Robert W. House
Einar E. Igebretsen
A.A. Read
Robert M. Shuffler, Sr.
Arthur P. Stern
Wilbert L. Sullivan
Leland D. Whitelock
" IEEE's influence is not based on wealth or
politics, but on the potential of its technology which the modern world needs and on the
enthusiasm of its members.
Leo Young, Chairman
1975 UNITED STATES ACTIVITIES BOARD
Harold S. Goldberg, Chairman
Carleton A. Bayless
Richard C. Beloit, Jr.
Robert D. Briskman
Paul F. Carroll
William W. Middleton
Robert A. Rivers
Robert M. Shuffler, Sr.
Wilbert L. Sullivan
John Zaborszky
1976 UNITED STATES ACTIVITIES BOARD
James H. Mulligan, Jr., Chairman
Hans C. Cherney, Vice Chairman
Carleton A. Bayless
Ross L. Bell
Paul F. Carroll
Robert F. Cotellessa
John J. Guarrera
Eric Herz
Frank E. Lord
William W. Middleton
Irene C. Peden
Robert A. Rivers
Arthur L. Rossoff
Joel B. Snyder
Larry K. Wilson
Stephen S. Yau
" As I compare USAB activities then and now,
it's certainly very clear how far the organization has come in a relatively short time . .
. IEEE has the organizational strength, and the people that go with it, to carry on the
work that was begun."James S. Mulligan
1977 UNITED STATES ACTIVITIES BOARD
John J. Guarrera, Chairman
Joel B. Snyder, Vice Chairman
Ross L. Bell
Richard C. Beloit, Jr.
Robert F. Cotellessa
Richard W. Camon
Richard J. Gowen
Howard B. Hamilton
Herbert H. Heller
Eric Herz
Frank E. Lord
Robert A. Rivers
Arthur L. Rossoff
Burkhard H. Schneider
John W. Thatcher
Larry K. Wilson
"The progress of USAB is reflected in the
early efforts of political involvement in the early 1970s to the present well established
position of influence in Washington in the early 1980s a decade of true
accomplishment."
John Guarrera
1978 UNITED STATES ACTIVITIES BOARD
Bruno O. Weinschel, Chairman
Richard C. Beloit, Jr.
S. Brereton
Robert F. Cotellessa
Walter F. Fee
Richard J. Gowen
Howard B. Hamilton
Roy H. Harris
Herbert H. Heller
Esther O. Mayfield
A. A. Read
Arther L. Rossoff
Burkhard H. Schneider
James E. Shepherd
John W. Thatcher
Darrell L. Vines
" . . . the most important capital we have in
this country, as well as in the IEEE, is skilled manpower and devoted staff."
Bruno Weinchel
1979 UNITED STATES ACTIVITIES BOARD
Bruno O. Weinschel, Chairman
Richard J. Backe, Vice Chairman
Robert F. Cotellessa, Vice Chairman
David B. Dobson
Edward J. Doyle
Charles A. Eldon
F. Anthony Furfari
William C. Farrell
Richard J. Gowen
H. Mark Grove
Roy H. Harris
Robert E. Larson
Richard E. Merwin
A. A. Read
Arthur L. Rossoff
Peter A. E. Rusche
James E. Shepherd
Joel B. Snyder
Darrell L. Vines
Edward A. Wolff
1980 UNITED STATES ACTIVITIES BOARD
Richard J. Gowen, Chairman
Richard J. Backe, Vice Chairman
H. Mark Grove, Vice Chairman
Robert A. Barden
Richard C. Beloit, Jr.
Hans C. Cherney
Jose B. Cruz, Jr.
David B. Dobson
Arwin A. Dougal
Edward J. Doyle
Charles A. Eldon
William C. Farrell
Howard B. Hamilton
Herbert H. Heller
David C. McLaren
Peter A. E. Rusche
Dick B. Simmons
Joel B. Snyder
Edward A. Wolff
Charles A. Zraket
"We found ourselves being sought by Congress
to give presentations, because it was seen that we represented a large, diverse group that
could provide information not special-interest information, but expert information that
was useful in making broad policy decisions."
Richard Gowen
1981 UNITED STATES ACTIVITIES BOARD
Richard J. Gowen, Chairman
Richard J. Backe, Vice Chairman
Russell C. Drew, Vice Chairman
Henry L. Bachman
Valdemar Bodin
Merrill W. Buckley, Jr.
Hans C. Cherney
Arwin A. Dougal
Edward J. Doyle
Jane G. Evans
William C. Farrell
Ronald J. Fredricks
Howard B. Hamilton
Herbert H. Heller
David C. McLaren
Peter A. E. Rusche
Allan C. Shell
Frederick G. Suffield
John M. Thorson, Jr.
Darrell L. Vines
1982 UNITED STATES ACTIVITIES BOARD
Edward J. Doyle, Chairman
Henry L. Bachman
Robert A. Barden
Theodore H. Bonn
Merrill W. Buckley, Jr.
Russell C. Drew
Jane G. Evans
Ronald J. Fredricks
Harb S. Hayre
Stephen J. Kahne
David C. Lewis
Peter A. E. Rusche
Frederick G. Suffield
K. Reed Thompson
John M. Thorson, Jr.
Bruce D. Wedlock
Larry K. Wilson
Ronald J. Wojtasinski
"We started the year on a very high note,
holding our Technology Policy Conference in conjunction with the series of IEEE Board
meetings. We brought the Board onto the Washington scene and demonstrated that IEEE had
become a factor in Washington that could be counted on."
Edward Doyle
1983 UNITED STATES ACTIVITIES BOARD
Edward J. Doyle, Chairman
Henry L. Bachman
Dennis Bodson
Theodore H. Bonn
John A. Casazza
Alan F. Culbertson
Russell C. Drew
Joseph A. Edminister
Eli Fromm
Harb S. Hayre
Ralph A. Lamm
David C. Lewis
Emerson W. Pugh
Peter A. E. Rusche
Donald H. Sandell
K. Reed Thompson
Bruce D. Wedlock
Ronald J. Wojtasinski
Last Update:
05 August, 2008
Contact: IEEE-USA,
ieeeusa@ieee.org
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